![]() The antigens are mainly glycolipids which are of two types, namely self-antigens and foreign-antigens. This surface protein called antigen or agglutinogen. In the ABO blood grouping system, agglutination reaction takes place between the surface proteins that are found on the red blood cell surface. ABO blood group is also present in some other animals like gorillas, chimpanzees etc. These antibodies belong to the IgM class. Individuals above 3-6 month have naturally occurring antibodies which arise without any antigenic stimulation from the maternal placenta. The antigens if absent on the RBCs membrane, then the corresponding antibodies must be present in the blood plasma. If agglutination occurs in the RBCs, then the corresponding antibody must be absent in the blood plasma. The ABO blood group system has type A, B, AB and O phenotypes and it is used to identify the type of surface antigens and antibodies present in the donor’s blood. Besides, we will also discuss some of the discoveries, facts and the overview of the ABO blood group system. In this context, we will study the principle, method and result interpretation of the ABO blood typing. The antigens of the ABO blood group system are glycolipid in nature, and the antibodies are predominantly of IgM type.
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